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Question Paper Solution
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What is ecological Succession? Explain various steps of succession in brief.
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(a) Write a note on Kyoto Protocol.
(b) What are the major causes and effects of climate change?
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Define air pollution. Briefly describe the sources, effects and control of air pollution.
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(a) Write a note on nuclear hazards and associated health risks in humans.
(b) Mention some sources and effects of radioactive pollution.
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(a) What is the significance of an individual's role in the conservation of natural resources?
Individual's role in the conservation of natural resources
(b) Define deforestation. Discuss the importance of forest resources.
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(a) Write down the different uses of forests. Discuss the major causes of deforestation.
Major Causes of Deforestation
- Agricultural Expansion: The conversion of forests into agricultural land for crops and livestock is a leading cause of deforestation. This includes both large-scale commercial agriculture and subsistence farming.
- Logging: Both legal and illegal logging operations remove trees for timber, paper, and other products, leading to significant forest loss.
- Infrastructure Development: Urbanization and infrastructure projects, such as road construction, mining, and industrial facilities, contribute to deforestation by clearing forested areas.
- Fires: Forest fires, whether natural or human-induced, can lead to extensive deforestation. In some cases, fires are intentionally set to clear land for agriculture or other purposes.
- Mining: The extraction of minerals and fossil fuels requires clearing large areas of forest, leading to habitat destruction and soil degradation.
(b) Enlist various benefits and problems associated with dams.
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What causes landslides, and what are the warning signs of an impending landslide? How do engineers mitigate the risk of landslides in hilly or mountainous areas?
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(a) What are the main causes and consequences of flooding in various regions?
(b) Explain the causes of earthquakes and how do they differ from other geological events.
Differences from Other Geological Events
- Volcanoes: While both earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are related to the movement of the Earth's crust, volcanic eruptions involve the release of magma and volcanic gases, whereas earthquakes involve the release of accumulated stress along faults.
- Landslides: Landslides are the movement of rock and soil down a slope due to gravity, often triggered by heavy rainfall, earthquakes, or volcanic activity. Unlike earthquakes, landslides do not involve the sudden release of stress but rather the gradual or abrupt movement of materials.
- Tsunamis: Tsunamis are large ocean waves caused by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides. They are a secondary effect of geological events, rather than a direct cause.
- Sinkholes: Sinkholes occur when underground rock or soil dissolves or collapses, creating a depression or hole in the ground. They are typically caused by the dissolution of soluble bedrock, rather than tectonic activity.
- Mountain Building (Orogeny): This process involves the formation of mountain ranges due to tectonic forces. It is a long-term geological process involving the collision and folding of the Earth's crust, whereas earthquakes are instantaneous events.
SECTION - E (Compulsory)
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(d) Minamata Tragedy
(e) Drought
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